Film registering advancing mechanism

ABSTRACT

Photographic film handling apparatus, such as projectors or cameras, include an aperture located in a plane, and a film advancing mechanism mounted at the film aperture and including a first pin for intermittently advancing the photographic film past the film aperture, and a second pin for registering the film relative to the film aperture between successive intermittent advancements. These pins, and any mounting brackets therefor, are all located outside and to one side of the aperture as seen in a direction extending perpendicularly to the plane of the aperture.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The subject invention relates to photographic film handling equipmentand, more specifically, to optical image printers, cameras, projectors,film magazines, including electrically powered film magazines, easythreading film projectors and cameras, and film advancing mechanism,including intermittent film advancing devices and film registrationequipment.

2. Prior Art

Optical image printers and their uses are well known, as may, forinstance, be seen from Fielding, THE TECHNIQUE OF SPECIAL EFFECTSCINEMATOGRAPHY (Fletcher & Son Ltd., Revised 3rd. ed. 1974) pp. 150-272.

While such equipment has been developed to a high degree of perfection,as may also be seen from U.S. Pat. No. 3,637,299, by L. W. Butler et al,issued Jan. 25, 1972, and herewith incorporated by reference herein, andfrom U.S. Pat. No. 3,682,540, by J. W. Oxberry, issued Aug. 8, 1972, itsvery high price extending from the 40,000 dollar well into the 100,000dollar area, as well as its bulkiness, complexities and need for highlyskilled operators, has discouraged the use of such equipment on a largescale, and has maintained this facility beyond the reach of the vastmajority of educational institutions and the motion picture amateur andexperimental fields.

Similarly, while combined camera and projector apparatus have beenproposed in the past, as may, for instance, be seen from U.S. Pat. No.2,950,646, by F. A. Blank, issued Aug. 30, 1960, existing designs andconstructions in this area do not lend themselves to any significantacceptance and use of combined camera and projector equipment.

In the photographic film magazine area, the most prevalent prior-artdesign maintains the drive of the reel or film takeup member separatefrom, and relatively stationary to, the film magazine. This requires theprovision of engageable and disengageable drive shaft equipment, whichis relatively costly, vulnerable to careless handling, and otherwisesubject to wear. Against this background, the U.S. Pat. No. 3,043,187,by A. Shaffer, issued July 10, 1962, proposes the provision of both thereel drive and its power source in the form of a coil spring in themagazine itself. Placement of the power source within the magazinehousing has, however, the disadvantage that the duration of usefulnessof a magazine with a given load will inevitably be dependent on thecapacity of the internal power source, rather than the length of thefilm supply. Practical considerations also relegate the reenergizationof the internal power source to the occasions at which the magazine isreloaded with film, as may be seen from the latter patent. More recentdevelopments have followed this trend and have put an electrical powersource or battery into the film magazine itself, as may, for instance,be seen from the camera Model SX-70, by Polaroid Corporation.

In the case of easy threading camera, projector and other film handlingequipment, there exists the design drawback that the shutter or filmpulldown mechanism is stationary, while other parts, such as the lensassembly, are movable. This, so far, has impeded the use of convenientthreading and cleaning techniques in many high-precision applications(see U.S. Pat. No. 3,137,201, by Uterhart).

The utility of motion picture film feeding mechanisms with filmregistering facility has been recognized in the past, as may, forinstance, be seen from U.S. Pat. No. 2,733,633, by L. R. Wottring,issued Feb. 7, 1956. This type of prior-art motion picture film feedingand registering mechanism employed a pivoted frame structure surroundingthe film aperture for lever action on the registration pin. Otherprior-art designs limited themselves to a stationary registration pin.Still other prior-art equipment, such as rapid film feeding andregistering devices used in gun sight cameras, provided a constructionwhich excluded the use of the mechanism in projector apparatus.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is a general object of this invention to overcome one or more of theabove mentioned disadvantages.

It is a related object of this invention to provide improved opticalimage printing apparatus.

It is also an object of this invention to economize the design andfacilitate the operation of optical image printing equipment.

It is also an object of this invention to provide improved combinedcamera and projector apparatus.

It is a further object of this invention to provide improved filmmagazines and film magazine drives.

It is also an object of this invention to provide improved photographicfilm handling apparatus.

It is a related object of this invention to provide improvedphotographic film handling apparatus with easy film threadingfacilities.

It is also an object of this invention to provide improved filmtransport or advance mechanisms.

It is a related object of this invention to provide improved film feedmechanism having intermittent film advance and film registeringfacilities.

It is a further object of this invention to provide improved mechanismsof the latter type which are suitable for use in motion picture cameras,as well as projectors and film positioning and illuminating equipment,and also in combined camera and projector apparatus.

The subject invention, from one aspect thereof, resides in photographicfilm handling apparatus and, more specifically, resides in theimprovement comprising, in combination, means for providing a filmaperture located in a plane, and means for transporting photographicfilm relative to the film aperture, including a film advancing mechanismmounted at the film aperture and including a first element forintermittently advancing the photographic film past the film apertureand a second element for registering said film relative to the filmaperture between successive intermittent advancements, a first movabledevice for mounting the first element, a second movable device formounting the second element, and means for moving the first and secondmounting devices for the intermittent advancement of the photographicfilm and the registration of the film, respectively, all portions of thefirst and second elements, of the first and second movable devices andof the means for moving the first and second mounting devices beinglocated outside and to one side of the aperture as seen in a directionextending perpendicularly to the plane.

The subject invention, from another aspect thereof, resides inphotographic film handling apparatus and, more specifically, in theimprovement comprising in combination a combined camera and projectorapparatus for photographing pictures on photosensitive sprocketed filmhaving image frames, and for providing luminous images from developedsprocketed film having image frames corresponding to the image frames ofthe photosensitive sprocketed film, the combined camera and projectorapparatus including means for providing a film aperture located in aplane and means for transporting the photosensitive sprocketed film in afirst direction, and for selectively transporting the developedsprocketed film in a second direction opposite to the first direction,the transporting means including a film advancing mechanism mounted atthe film aperture and including a first element for intermittentlyadvancing film past the film aperture and a second element forregistering film relative to the film aperture between successiveintermittent advancements, a first movable device for mounting the firstelement, a second movable device for mounting the second element, andmeans for moving the first and second mounting devices for intermittentfilm advancement and film registration, respectively, all portions ofthe first and second elements, of the first and second movable devicesand of the means for moving the first and second mounting devices beinglocated outside and to one side of the aperture as seen in a directionextending perpendicularly to the plane, the second element beingconstructed to operate on sprocket holes of the photosensitivesprocketed film and sprocket holes of the developed sprocketed film, andthe second movable device having a first member for mounting the secondelement in a first position, and a second member for selectivelymounting the second element in a second position spaced from the firstposition so that the second element when mounted in the second positionoperates on the sprocket holes of the developed sprocketed film whichcorrespond to the sprocket holes of the photosensitive film on which thesecond element operates when mounted in the first position.

The subject invention from another aspect thereof, resides inphotographic film handling apparatus and, more specifically, in theimprovement comprising in combination a combined camera and projectorapparatus for photographing pictures on photosensitive sprocketed filmhaving image frames, and for providing luminous images from developedsprocketed film having image frames corresponding to the image frames ofthe photosensitive sprocketed film, the combined camera and projectorapparatus including means for transporting the photosensitive sprocketedfilm in a first direction, and for selectively transporting thedeveloped sprocketed film in a second direction opposite to the firstdirection, the transporting means including a film advancing mechansismhaving a first element for intermittently advancing film and a secondelement for registering film between successive intermittentadvancements, a first movable device for mounting the first element, asecond movable device for mounting the second element, and means formoving the first and second mounting devices for intermittent filmadvancement and film registration, respectively, the second elementbeing constructed to operate on sprocket holes of the photosensitivesprocketed film and sprocket holes of the developed sprocketed film, andthe second movable device having a first member for mounting the secondelement in a first position, and a second member for selectivelymounting the second element in a second position spaced from the firstposition so that the second element when mounted in the second positionoperates on the sprocket holes of the developed sprocketed film whichcorrespond to the sprocket holes of the photosensitive film on which thesecond element operates when mounted in the first position.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The subject invention and its various aspects and objects will becomemore readily apparent in the following detailed description of preferredembodiments thereof, illustrated by way of example in the accompanyingdrawings, in which like reference numerals designate like orfunctionally equivalent parts, and in which:

FIG. 1 is an elevation of an optical image printer in accordance with apreferred embodiment of the subject invention;

FIG. 2 is a rear view of the projector portion of the optical imageprinter shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a section through a film magazine taken along the line 3 -- 3in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a detail view, on an enlarged scale, of the film advance orshutter mechanism of the camera and projector parts of the optical imageprinter of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a section taken along the line 5 -- 5 in FIG. 4; and

FIG. 6 is a view taken in the direction of the arrows 6 in FIG. 4.

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The optical image printer 10 shown in FIG. 1 has a stationary structureor console 12 including a rail structure or bed 13 on which carriages14, 15 and 16 are mounted for sliding movement along the bed 13. Inpractice, ball bearings or other low-friction devices (not shown) may beemployed for this purpose. Also, the carriages 14 to 16 may be equippedwith knobs or handwheels 18, 19 and 20 for manual propulsion of thecarriages via conventional rack-and-pinion mechanism (not shown).

The optical image printer has a projector part 21 and a camera part 22.The projector part 21 includes a housing 23 which is mounted on thecarriage 14 by a bracket 24. Similarly, the camera part 22 has a housing26 mounted by a bracket 27 on the carriage 15. According to an aspect ofthe invention, the housings 23 and 26 are of identical construction.

The optical image printer 10 also includes a set of four film magazines31, 32, 33 and 34, two of which are mounted on the projector housing 21,while the remaining two are mounted on the camera housing 26. Inaccordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, the four filmmagazines 31 to 34 are of identical construction. Each housing in theillustrated preferred embodiment is of a square or prismaticconfiguration.

Each film magazine carries a shoe 36 which has lateral notches forengagement by a fixed fastener 37 and a releasable catch 38 mounted onthe housing 21 or 26. To permit the handling of raw or photographicallysensitive film, each magazine shoe 36 includes a light trap 37.

Because of the structural identity of the film magazines 31 to 34, themagazines 31 and 32 or 33 and 34 of each pair are attached to thecorresponding housing 21 or 26 with their bodies behind the shoe 36being oriented in different directions as seen in FIG. 1.

According to a preferred embodiment of the subject invention, the filmmagazine includes a magazine housing 41 attached to the releasablemounting means or shoe 36. The housing 41 has a rear wall portion 42 anda lateral frame or rim portion 43. A door 44 slides in grooves in therim portion 43 and forms a light-tight lid when closed.

Each film magazine encloses a rotatable hub 46 which may carry a reel 47for coiling photographic film 48.

Each magazine has its own electric motor 51 coupled to the hub 46 via areduction gear 52 for driving the hub. In accordance with theillustrated preferred embodiment of the invention, the electric motor 51is directly mounted on or attached to the rear wall 42 of the magazine,as may best be seen in FIG. 3. Conventional fasteners may be employedfor this purpose.

As seen in FIG. 1, each magazine motor has an electric cable 54 which isequipped with a power plug 55. The latter is insertable into an electricpower outlet or receptacle 56 in the carriage bracket 24 or 26.

The electric power outlet 56, in turn, has an electric cable 57 equippedwith a power plug 58 insertable in a further electric outlet orreceptacle 59 in the stationary structure 12. The power outlet 59, inturn, is energized with electric energy via a cable 61 which isconnected to a source of electric power (not shown).

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, each magazine or magazinemotor is provided with the same type of electric energizing equipment,so that only the energizing equipment for the magazine 31 has been shownin the drawing.

The cable 61 and the corresponding cables (not shown) for the drivemotors for the magazine 32 to 34, may be energized via a control of thetype shown in the above mentioned U.S. Pat. No. 3,637,299 which isincorporated by reference herein.

In practice, the provision of each magazine with its own, permanentlyattached electric motor, and the energization of such magazine motorsfrom a stationary source or power outlet, have been proved veryadvantageous and have resulted in great savings as compared to equipmentin which the drive motors were separate from the magazines and werecoupled thereto by drive belts or other mechanical coupling devices.

In principle, the mounting bracket 24 or 27 may be considered part ofthe housing structure 23 or 26.

In that case, the electric power outlet 56 into which the power plug 55of the magazine motor cable 54 is inserted, may be considered as beinglocated on the projector or camera housing structure.

In the illustrated preferred embodiment of the invention, not only thehousings 23 and 26, but also the film transports in such housings areidentical for the projector 21 and the camera 22. Accordingly, only thefilm transport and positioning equipment of the camera 22 is shown inFIG. 1, it being understood that the same transport and equipment islocated in the projector 21 and is oriented therein in the same manner.

The film transport includes the usual sprocket wheels 63 and 64 andpivoted auxiliary roller assemblies 65 and 66. Each of the projector andcamera housings 23 and 26 further includes a film advance andpositioning mechansim 68 which is shown within the housing 26 in FIG. 1and on an enlarged scale in FIGS. 4 to 6.

Each film advance mechanism has a film gate 69 having an image aperture71. A shuttle 73 has a pulldown element or pin 74 which cyclicallyengages the film at marginal sprockets in order to advance same relativeto the image aperture by one frame. The mechanism 68 also has a shuttle76 which carries and actuates a film registering element or pin 75.

In this manner, film from the supply magazine 32 is advanced toward thetakeup magazine 31 and is intermittently positioned at the imageaperture of the projector 21.

Similarly, raw or photographically sensitive film is advanced from thesupply magazine through the camera 22 to the takeup magazine 34 and,during such advancement, is intermittently positioned at the imageaperture of the camera 22.

The projector 23 is equipped with apparatus 81 attached to the housing21 for illuminating the positioned film at the projector image aperture,shown in dotted outline in FIG. 1 at 71'. In this manner, luminousimages are formed on the image frames positioned at the projectoraperture 71'.

The camera 22, in turn, is equipped with apparatus 82 for receiving theluminous image from the projector and projecting such received luminousimage onto the photographically sensitive film positioned in the camera22.

This permits a realization of the optical printing technique shown anddescribed in chapters 7 and 9 of the above mentioned book by Fielding,and well known as such in the optical printing art.

In accordance with the illustrated preferred embodiment of the subjectinvention, the film gate 69 which defines the image aperture 71 ismounted at a first side 84 of the camera housing 26. Similarly, asindicated at 71', the corresponding projector film gate with theprojector image aperture is mounted at a first side of the projectorhousing 21. It will be noted in FIG. 1 that the first housing sides 84and 85 correspond to each other in terms of orientation; the camera andprojector housings 23 and 26 being mounted on the bed 13 so that thefirst housing sides 84 and 85 face in the same direction.

The projector illuminating equipment includes a lamp housing 87 which ismounted by a flange 88 on the first side 85 of the projector housing 23.Similarly, the camera image receiving and projecting equipment 82 has abellows 91 and prismatic image viewing equipment 92 attached by theflange 88 to the first side 84 of the camera housing 22.

The camera image receiving and projecting equipment 82 includes a copylens 94 which is mounted on the separate carriage 16 and connected tothe bellows 91. This enables an adjustment of the lens system relativeto the positioned film in the camera.

The image illumination apparatus 81 also has an air blower 96 attachedto the lamp housing 87 for supplying cooling air thereto, and an angularchimney 97 proceeding from the lamp housing 87 for the exhaust of heatedair.

As shown in dotted lines at 99, the projector housing 21 has a cutout ina second side 100 opposite the first side 85 for a passage of theluminous image to the luminous image receiving and projecting lenssystem 94. Because of the principle of identity of construction andmutual exchangeability, the camera housing 22 has a like cutout 101 inits second side 102 opposite the first side 84. A light-tight cover 103closes the cutout 102 to provide a light-tight camera housing.

The cover 103 may be slidably insertable in the cutout 101, such as bymeans of a tongue-and-groove or dovetail arrangement.

An identical cover (not shown) may be provided for the projector housing23 in order to render the projector 21 convertible to a film camera inaccordance with a further preferred embodiment of the subject invention.

The equipment shown in the drawings lends itself particularly well to anexecution of the rotoscope technique described on pages 269 and 270, andelsewhere in the above mentioned book by Fielding. Briefly, in theexercise of such technique, it is possible in view of theinterchangeability of camera and projector to put film into the cameraor projector movement and project or rotoscope the image from the filmonto the art board (not shown) for the creation of mattes which willselectively illuminate a desirable portion of the film. With thesetechniques and the equipment of the subject invention, it is relativelyeasy to create multiple panels, wipes, split screens and miniature mattepaintings and to put light into night shots and combine cartoon actionwith live action. Also, the camera/projector can be used directly in aposition closest to an art board (not shown) to achieve a wide varietyof animation effects. Moreover, the illustrated equipment, with the aidof a conventional art board, can be employed as a title optical printerwhich is even capable of executing the sophisticated "burn-in"techniques otherwise achieved only with very expensive and sophisticatedequipment.

The equipment of the subject invention thus greatly enriches the motionpicture amateur art and puts within the reach of schools and otherinstitutions apparatus for duplicating or executing the mostsophisticated professional motion picture techniques.

Referring to FIG. 1, it will be noted that the equipment thereindisclosed in effect incorporates a combined photographic film camera andprojector apparatus comprising the optical lens system 94, the imageillumination system 81 including the lamp housing for projecting light,and at least one of the housings 23 and 26. The illustrated filmtransport and positioning equipment in such combined camera andprojector apparatus can be employed to position photographicallysensitive, as well as photographically exposed and developed film. Thelens system 94 and the illuminating equipment 82 have in common the factthat they both project light in the same direction relative to the imageaperture. This in contrast to the type of prior-art proposal shown inthe above mentioned U.S. Pat. No. 2,950,646 wherein the light ofluminous images to be photographed was projected into the combinedcamera and projector apparatus in one direction through a camera lens,and wherein the light from the projector lamp housing for theillumination of film image frames was projected to the image aperture inthe opposite direction. While this approach proceeded naturally from theunderlying prior-art orientation, it did have the severe drawback ofplacing the hot light source into the confines of the camera/projectorhousing, leading to overheating and premature aging of the equipment.

In sharp contrast to this prior-art approach, the illustrated preferredembodiment of the invention mounts both the lens system 94 and theillumination apparatus 81 outside of the camera or projector housing.

The film advancing and positioning mechanism 68 has a carriage 110 whichsupports the film advance shuttle 73 and film positioning shuttle 76.The shuttle carriage 110 is movable relative to the film gate 69 andaperture 71 for placement of the film advancing mechanism adjacent theaperture 71 in an active position and alternatively at a distance fromthe aperture 71 in a passive position.

As seen in FIG. 4, this places a film pressure plate 112 at a distancefrom the film gate (see phantom outline 113) to enable threading of thefilm without removal thereof from the camera or projector and to permitconvenient cleaning operations. Manually actuable screw elements 115 and116 permit an arrestation of the shuttle mechanism carriage 110 in theactive and passive positions as well.

According to FIGS. 2 and 4, the advance shuttle 73 is driven by two gearwheels 116 and 117 and eccentric devices 118 and 119 coupled to thesegear wheels.

A further gear wheel assembly 121 has a bevel gear as shown in FIG. 2and serves also to drive the gear wheels 116 and 117 and eccentricdevices 118 and 119.

The bevel gear 121 drives a further eccentric device 123 which acts on aslide 124 to reciprocate the same relative to the image aperture 21 in aguide 126.

The bevel gear 121 in effect serves as an input gear for the filmadvance and positioning mechanism. This bevel gear 121 is complementaryor meshable with a further bevel gear 131 which serves as an output gearof a power drive arrangement including an electric motor 132, a belttransmission 133, and a shaft 134. The motor may be connected to thetype of control disclosed in the above mentioned U.S. Pat. No.3,637,299.

If the carriage 110 shown in FIGS. 2 and 4 is in its active position,then the power output gear wheel 131 is coupled to the power input gearwheel 121. Conversely, the gear 121 is decoupled automatically from thegear 131 when the carriage is moved to its passive position whereby thefilm pressure plate is spaced as shown in FIG. 4 at 113 for filmthreading and film passage cleaning purposes.

Referring further to FIG. 2, it will be noted that the power drive shaft134 is also manually rotatable by an external knob 136 for a manualadjustment of the film image positioning. A counter 137 is coupled tothe power shaft 131 in order to furnish to the operator an indication ofthe number of advanced image frames. By observing the counters of thecamera and the projector, the operator can assure perfect spatialsynchronism between the films in the camera and in the projector.

The power shaft 134 also carries a cam 139 which acts on an electricswitch assembly 141 that may be connected to a conventional control inorder to make sure that the projector or camera mechanism completes onefull cycle of its operation even if a stop command is issued in thecourse of any cycle.

As further seen in FIG. 2, the drive mechanism includes a cross shaft143 which is driven from the power shaft 134 via a worm gear 144 inorder to rotate the sprocket wheels 63 and 64 via gears 146 and 147.

This cross shaft arrangement is not only preferred herein because of itsuncomplicated nature, but also because of its high precision andreliability of operation.

The shuttle mechanism has a cross member 151 which carries a pair ofmounting brackets 152 and 153 for the intermittent pulldown pin 74.Similarly, the shuttle 76 has a bracket 155 which carries a mountingmember 156 and an alternative mounting member 157 for the positioningpin 75.

As seen in FIG. 5, all the elements 74, 75, 151, 152, 153, 155, 156 and157 and all other parts of the film advance and shuttle mechanism arelocated outside of the image aperture 71 and to one side of thataperture as seen in a direction extending perpendicularly to the planein which the image aperture 71 is located (e.g., the plane of the paperon which FIG. 5 has been drawn).

This is a very important feature of the illustrated preferred embodimentof the subject invention in that it enables the use of the same shuttlemechanism for camera and projector purposes. If the apparatus is used asa camera, then a solid film pressure plate insert 161 is held in placebehind the image aperture by a pair of leaf spring retainers 162 and163. Conversely, if the equipment is used as a projector, a filmpressure plate with an aperture, indicated in dotted outline at 163 inFIG. 6 to enable the copy lens 94 to pick up the luminous image from theprojector 21, is substituted for the insert 161.

The mounting members 152 and 153 permit the pulldown pin or claw to bealternatively mounted in one position, as shown in FIG. 4, and in another position, spaced from that one position and located at the lowermounting member 153. Similarly, the presence of the mounting members 156and 157 permit the film registering or positioning pin or member 75 tobe mounted either in the one position shown in FIG. 4 or in thealternative position at 157.

This, again, is a very important feature of the illustrated preferredembodiment, since it enables the registering pin 75 to act in the cameramode on sprocket holes which correspond to the sprocket holes on whichthe registering pin acts in the projector mode of the equipment.Similarly, the alternative mounting facilities 152 and 153 enable thepulldown pin 74 to act in the camera mode on sprocket holes whichcorrespond to sprocket holes on which the pulldown pin acts in theprojector mode of the illustrated apparatus.

To implement this feature, the pins 74 and 75 are mounted, respectively,on the members 152 and 156 in the camera mode. Conversely, the pins 74and 75 are mounted on the members 153 and 157, respectively, in theprojector mode or projector 21.

During the operation of the equipment, the members 152 and 153 are movedin unison with each other, and the members 156 and 157 are also moved inunison with each other.

In this manner, the greatest mutual accuracy of camera and projectorfilm positioning is achieved with relatively uncomplicated and highlyreliable equipment.

It will be recognized at this juncture that many of the devices andfeatures herein disclosed are not limited in their utility to theoptical image printer field. This is particularly true for the magazineshown in FIG. 3, the power drive shown in FIG. 2 and the shuttlemechanism shown in FIGS. 4 to 6. A widespread utility also applies tothe combined camera and projector equipment implicit in the embodimentshown in FIG. 1.

Moreover, the subject extensive disclosure will suggest and renderapparent to those skilled in the art various modifications andvariations within the spirit and scope of the invention.

I claim:
 1. In photographic film handling apparatus, the improvement comprising in combination:means for providing a film aperture located in a plane; and means for transporting photographic film relative to said film aperture, including a film advancing mechanism mounted at said film aperture and including a first element for intermittently advancing said photographic film past said film aperture and a second element for registering said film relative to said film aperture between successive intermittent advancements, a first movable device for mounting said first element, a second movable device for mounting said second element, and means for moving said first and second mounting devices for said intermittent advancement of said photographic film and said registration of said film, respectively, all portions of said first and second elements, of said first and second movable devices and of said means for moving said first and second mounting devices being located outside and to one side of said aperture as seen in a direction extending perpendicularly to said plane.
 2. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein:said first movable device has a first member for mounting said first element in a first position, and a second member for selectively mounting said first element in a second position spaced from said first position; said second movable device has a third member for mounting said second element in a third position, and a fourth member for selectively mounting said second element in a fourth position spaced from said third position; and said moving means include means for moving said first and second members and for moving said third and fourth member.
 3. Apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein:said moving means include means for moving said first and second members in unison and means for moving said third and fourth members in unison.
 4. In photographic film handling apparatus, the improvement comprising in combination:a combined camera and projector apparatus for photographing pictures on photosensitive sprocketed film having image frames, and for providing luminous images from developed sprocketed film having image frames corresponding to the image frames of said photosensitive sprocketed film; said combined camera and projector apparatus including means for providing a film aperture located in a plane and means for transporting said photosensitive sprocketed film in a first direction, and for selectively transporting said developed sprocketed film in a second direction opposite to said first direction; said transporting means including a film advancing mechanism mounted at said film aperture and including a first element for intermittently advancing film past said film aperture and a second element for registering film relative to said film aperture between successive intermittent advancements, a first movable device for mounting said first element, a second movable device for mounting said second element, and means for moving said first and second mounting devices for intermittent film advancement and film registration, respectively, all portions of said first and second elements, of said first and second movable devices and of said means for moving said first and second mounting devices being located outside and to one side of said aperture as seen in a direction extending perpendicularly to said plane; said second element being constructed to operate on sprocket holes of said photosensitive sprocketed film and sprocket holes of said developed sprocketed film; and said second movable device having a first member for mounting said second element in a first position, and a second member for selectively mounting said second element in a second position spaced from said first position so that said second element when mounted in said second position operates on the sprocket holes of said developed sprocketed film which correspond to the sprocket holes of said photosensitive film on which said second element operates when mounted in said first position.
 5. Apparatus as claimed in claim 4, wherein:said moving means include means for moving said first and second members in unison.
 6. Apparatus as claimed in claim 4, wherein:said first movable device has a third member for mounting said first element in a third position, and a fourth member for selectively mounting said first element in a fourth position spaced from said third position so that said first element when mounted in said fourth position operates on the sprocket holes of said developed sprocketed film which correspond to the sprocket holes of said photosensitive film on which said first element operates when mounted in said third position.
 7. Apparatus as claimed in claim 6, wherein:said moving means include means for moving said first and second members in unison and means for moving said third and fourth members in unison.
 8. In photographic film handling apparatus, the improvement comprising in combination:a combined camera and projector apparatus for photographing pictures on photosensitive sprocketed film having image frames, and for providing luminous images from developed sprocketed film having image frames corresponding to the image frames of said photosensitive sprocketed film; said combined camera and projector apparatus including means for transporting said photosensitive sprocketed film in a first direction, and for selectively transporting said developed sprocketed film in a second direction opposite to said first direction; said transporting means including a film advancing mechanism having a first element for intermittently advancing film and a second element for registering film between successive intermittent advancements, a first movable device for mounting said first element, a second movable device for mounting said second element, and means for moving said first and second mounting devices for intermittent film advancement and film registration, respectively; said second element being constructed to operate on sprocket holes of said photosensitive sprocketed film and sproket holes of said developed sprocketed film; and said second movable device having a first member for mounting said second element in a first position, and a second member for selectively mounting said second element in a second position spaced from said first position so that said second element when mounted in said second position operates on the sprocket holes of said developed sprocketed film which correspond to the sprocket holes of said photo-sensitive film on which said second element operates when mounted in said first position.
 9. Apparatus as claimed in claim 8, wherein:said moving means include means for moving said first and second members in unison.
 10. Apparatus as claimed in claim 8, wherein:said first movable device has a third member for mounting said first element in a third position, and a fourth member for selectively mounting said first element in a fourth position spaced from said third position so that said first element when mounted in said fourth position operates on the sprocket holes of said developed sprocketed film which correspond to the sprocket holes of said photosensitive film on which said first element operates when mounted in said third position.
 11. Apparatus as claimed in claim 10, wherein:said moving means include means for moving said first and second members in unison and means for moving said third and fourth members in unison. 